Head and neck cancer accounts for 4% of all malignancies worldwide, though it constitutes 40% of the cancer burden in India. The distinct geographic predilection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a major portion of the burden being laryngopharyngeal cancers, may be due to prevalence of risk factors and genetic susceptibility.
Advances in treatment strategies have not been accompanied by a parallel improvement in the survival rates. The major reasons being late presentation, high occurrence rate and the development of multiple primary tumors (10-30%). Detection and identification of patients who are likely to respond to treatment so as to avoid unnecessary toxicity through identifying response/resistant markers are the critical questions that need to be addressed through a comprehensive and systematic approach.