Sativum Extracts as Herbal Pesticide to protect Maize grains during post-Harvest season

Maize is a staple food for the human and animal worldwide and it is used extensively with rice, and wheat. Maize offers ample of carbohydrates, iron, vitamins, proteins, and minerals to the human body. However, Maize attracts pest during the pre and post harvesting seasons. Maize weevil is one of the prominent post harvesting pests that drastically affect the store life of the maize, sustaining 20%-30% damage in tropical countries and more than 40% in countries without modern storing facilities. When four different concentrations of the A. sativum extracts were tested for their toxicity, the highest concentrated one was proved effective in repelling the pests, while the other combinations proved equally effective in fighting the rest at various stages.

Download PDF

Binucleation of Drosophila Adult Male Accessory Gland Cells Increases Plasticity of Organ Size for Effective Reproduction

Although most cells that compose animal organs contain single nuclei, certain kinds of cells are multinucleated. Multi nucleation is known to be caused by either cell fusion (as in skeletal muscle or placental trophoblast) or mitosis without cytokinesis (as in hepatocytes or myocytes) and is thought to be a process of tissue/cell growth. 

In this case, the numbers of chromosome copies and nuclei in each cell increase. In other cases of tissue/cell growth such as cell division and endo replication (chromosomal doubling without karyokinesis), only a single nucleus per cell exists. It is known that binucleation of hepatocytes or myocytes occurs according to the growth of individuals. In rat hepatocytes, the proportion of binucleate cells increase in the transition from suckling to weaning, and the rate of binucleation is controlled by nutrient signaling. In rat myocytes, cells predominantly binucleate by 10 days after birth. However, the functional benefits for organs by increasing the number of nuclei are largely unclear.